EVs and HEVs Using Lithium-Ion Batteries

1. Introduction 1.1. The Innovation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Vehicle electrification proceeds at a quick pace and electric vehicles (EVs) will be placed in the market in limited although significant numbers in the next couple of years. Hybrid models continue to increase in terms of importance and presence in the market. In the past few years, they often appeared in the market and are presently relying on a generation of satisfied car drivers ready to ask—on the basis of the excellent results obtained—for drivetrains with an increased electric component. Fuel cell hydrogen cars are not ready for the market but they represent another element in favor of electrification, that makes its future marketing possible as an alternative or in parallel with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and battery-powered EVs. Therefore, at least three large families of products should be considered: hybrid vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs) onboard, EVs powered by batteries recharged from outlets, and fuel cell hydrogen vehicles.