While opposite in the ideological results they produce, T.S. Eliot’s and G. Orwell’s social and political considerations share a common way of perceiving the contemporary crisis as essentially grounded in a decline of religious faith, in the negative effects of industrialization, and in the rise of a mass society. A conservative and indeed frequently reactionary thinker, Eliot aims at reviving intellectual respect for Christianity; at the opposite end of the spectrum, Orwell proclaims his belief in the principles of democratic socialism, and claims for a humanistic reformulation of the criterion for assessing right and wrong, originally legitimized by its transcendent quality. This perspective can be applied to a reading of their respective analyses of totalitarianism and of the evolution of British society, whose comparison (authorized by Orwell’s attention for Eliot’s work) reveals their actual convergence in upholding the values of the past and the cultural traditions of England. This twofold register of simultaneous consonance and divergence can also be found in their notions on literature and aesthetics. The works of each, while taking different directions (drama and poetry in one case, novels in the other), share an intense moral concern and an identical need to establish an active relationship with their audience--a need that in Eliot’s case takes on the value of an openly religious pedagogy, whereas Orwell resorts to infusing his works with an admonitory content, aimed at raising the political awareness of the common people.
Pur producendo esiti ideologicamente contrapposti le riflessioni politiche e sociali di T.S. Eliot e Orwell sono accomunate da un’analoga percezione della crisi dell’età contemporanea essenzialmente ricondotta al declino della fede religiosa, agli effetti negativi dell’industrializzazione e all’avvento della società di massa. Se l’intento principale di Eliot, schierato su posizioni conservatrici e talvolta addirittura reazionarie, è quello di riattualizzare il rispetto intellettuale per il cristianesimo, Orwell al contrario, proclamando la propria aderenza ai principi del socialismo democratico, si fa portavoce dell’esigenza di riformulare in senso umanistico quel criterio del giusto e dell’ingiusto originariamente legittimato dalla propria connotazione trascendente. È in questa prospettiva che possono essere lette le loro analisi sul totalitarismo e sull’evoluzione della società inglese, in un confronto che, alimentato soprattutto dall’attenzione riservata da Orwell all’autore di The Waste Land, rivela una convergente adesione ai valori del passato e delle tradizioni culturali dell’Inghilterra. Questo duplice registro di consonanza e divergenza contraddistingue anche le loro concezioni estetico-letterarie che, orientandosi in diverse direzioni (il dramma teatrale e il romanzo), sono animate da un’intensa istanza morale e dall’identica necessità di instaurare un rapporto attivo con il proprio pubblico, che in Eliot assume il valore di una’azione educatrice di chiara matrice religiosa, e che in Orwell, al contrario, viene mediato dai contenuti ammonitori delle proprie opere diretti a sollecitare la coscienza politica del common people.
“Politics has Become Too Serious a Matter to be Left to the Politicians”: T.S. Eliot and George Orwell
ARCIERO A
2009-01-01
Abstract
While opposite in the ideological results they produce, T.S. Eliot’s and G. Orwell’s social and political considerations share a common way of perceiving the contemporary crisis as essentially grounded in a decline of religious faith, in the negative effects of industrialization, and in the rise of a mass society. A conservative and indeed frequently reactionary thinker, Eliot aims at reviving intellectual respect for Christianity; at the opposite end of the spectrum, Orwell proclaims his belief in the principles of democratic socialism, and claims for a humanistic reformulation of the criterion for assessing right and wrong, originally legitimized by its transcendent quality. This perspective can be applied to a reading of their respective analyses of totalitarianism and of the evolution of British society, whose comparison (authorized by Orwell’s attention for Eliot’s work) reveals their actual convergence in upholding the values of the past and the cultural traditions of England. This twofold register of simultaneous consonance and divergence can also be found in their notions on literature and aesthetics. The works of each, while taking different directions (drama and poetry in one case, novels in the other), share an intense moral concern and an identical need to establish an active relationship with their audience--a need that in Eliot’s case takes on the value of an openly religious pedagogy, whereas Orwell resorts to infusing his works with an admonitory content, aimed at raising the political awareness of the common people.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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