The collapse of 20th century party democracy has begun a process of gradual hollowing of European politics. Peter Mair (1951-2011) with a prophetic sense described the effects of the specular withdrawal of both the rulers and of citizens to their own spheres (institutions and private life). Nowadays, parties are threatened by movements and non-partisan organizations in their representativeness function of people. In most of the cases, they are maybe responsive but not responsible. Mair says that to the extent that the long European integration has gone far, the inter-parties competition at national level has decreased, along with a depoliticization of previous cleavages. Rather, I argue that we are witnessing a hyper-politicization of both public and private spaces, due to the overwhelming prevalence of governments on parliaments. On the basis of recent studies on the effects of economic crisis on the European party-systems, we may frame this process into the polarization between technocratic and populist trends, as two physiological components of our democracies. In this way, we find that contemporary regimes are heading off towards a sort of “exclusive democracy” rather than an inclusive one.
Tra i primi, profetici interpreti del collasso della democrazia dei partiti, il politologo irlandese Peter Mair (1951-2011) ha descritto un mondo in cui le distanze tra i partiti e i propri elettori sono diventate più ampie, mentre le differenze ideologiche fra le formazioni politiche tradizionali sono diminuite – due processi che combinati hanno contribuito a rafforzare una sempre maggiore indifferenza popolare verso i partiti e, potenzialmente, verso il mondo della politica in generale. Eppure quel trend di “depoliticizzazione” denunciato da Mair quale effetto inevitabile del tipo di integrazione europea propugnato dai Padri fondatori, oggi sembra piuttosto imboccare una direzione inversa, con la diffusa prevalenza, pressoché ovunque nelle democrazie occidentali, degli esecutivi sugli organismi parlamentari. Unitamente al diffondersi della crisi economica, ciò ha favorito l'affermarsi di compagini extra-partitiche di ispirazione populista che rivendicano una visione nichilista della rappresentanza quale risposta psicologica, e non più politica, alla domanda popolare.
Nel vuoto della politica europea:la crisi della “democrazia dei partiti” nell'analisi di Peter Mair
SERIO M
2018-01-01
Abstract
The collapse of 20th century party democracy has begun a process of gradual hollowing of European politics. Peter Mair (1951-2011) with a prophetic sense described the effects of the specular withdrawal of both the rulers and of citizens to their own spheres (institutions and private life). Nowadays, parties are threatened by movements and non-partisan organizations in their representativeness function of people. In most of the cases, they are maybe responsive but not responsible. Mair says that to the extent that the long European integration has gone far, the inter-parties competition at national level has decreased, along with a depoliticization of previous cleavages. Rather, I argue that we are witnessing a hyper-politicization of both public and private spaces, due to the overwhelming prevalence of governments on parliaments. On the basis of recent studies on the effects of economic crisis on the European party-systems, we may frame this process into the polarization between technocratic and populist trends, as two physiological components of our democracies. In this way, we find that contemporary regimes are heading off towards a sort of “exclusive democracy” rather than an inclusive one.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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