The paper aims at analyzing the influence of the cultural distance on the acquisitions from foreign investors of the Italian mid-sized firms in terms of economic performance of target firms. Two are the main topics of the research. The first, relative to cross border acquisitions, is quite voluminous, even if it is mainly focused on the acquirer perspective within the research stream on the foreign market entry mode choices. The studies assuming the perspective of the target firm have highlighted that the performance indicators used in the evaluation of acquisitive operations are overall employment growth, profitability and productivity of acquired firms (McGuckin e Nguyen, 2001; Conyon et al., 2002; Bernard e Sjolhom, 2003; Gugler e Yurtoglu, 2003; Oberhofer, 2013). The second on cultural distance is especially relevant in studies on firms’internationalization strategies. Among them numerous works have focused on cultural distance as explicative variable of the results of operation of cross-border acquisitions (Morosini, 1995; Morosini et al., 1998; Larsson e Risberg, 1997; Barbopoulos et al., 2011). Methodologically, the preliminary analysis was the identification within the MBRS database of the our data sample involving the Italian mid-sized firms acquired from a foreign investor between 1999 and 2009. Over the sample period, the MBRS database includes 152 completed acquisitions between a foreign acquirer and an Italian mid-sized target firm. The focus of the analysis in the paper is on the subsample of 84 surviving firms as autonomous companies with a foreign ownership that are evaluated through ratios analysis and other accounting measures in the post acquisition period, in order to understand if these measures improve or not. Using a multidimensional measure of cultural (Hofstede, 1980, Hofstede and Bond, 1988, Hofstede and Minkov, 2010; Kogut and Singh 1988) and psychic distance (Dow e Karunaratna, 2006) we want to test the relationship between the cultural distance and the target firm’s performance in cross border acquisitions through a regression analysis . In other words, we hypothesize that the beneficial impact on the target company’s performance is higher when the distance between the parts involved in the transaction is lower.
Il paper intende analizzare l’impatto che la distanza culturale ha sulle acquisizioni dall’estero delle medie imprese italiane in termini di performance economiche delle imprese target osservate nei periodi pre e post acquisizione. Due sono i principali campi di studio alla base della ricerca. Il primo, sulle acquisizioni internazionali, è estremamente consistente, sebbene sia soprattutto centrato sulla prospettiva dell’impresa acquirente nell’ambito del filone di studi relativo alle scelte delle modalità di entrata nei mercati esteri. Dalle ricerche che assumono la prospettiva dell’impresa acquisita è emerso che gli indicatori di performance utilizzati nella valutazione delle operazioni acquisitive sono soprattutto “occupazione”, redditività e produttività delle imprese acquisite (McGuckin e Nguyen, 2001; Conyon et al., 2002; Bernard e Sjolhom, 2003; Gugler e Yurtoglu, 2003; Oberhofer, 2013). Il secondo, sulla distanza culturale, è particolarmente rilevante negli studi sulle strategie di internazionalizzazione delle imprese. Tra questi numerosi lavori si sono focalizzati sulla distanza culturale come variabile esplicativa dell’esito dell’operazione acquisitiva cross-border (Morosini, 1995; Larsson e Risberg, 1997; Barbopoulos et al., 2011). Per l’analisi empirica, l’attività preliminare è stata l’identificazione all’interno del database di MBRS di tutte le medie imprese acquisite da parte di un investitore estero nell’arco temporale 1999-2009. È stato identificato così un universo di 152 imprese acquisite, tra cui il paper si è focalizzato su un sottocampione di 84 imprese sopravvissute come società autonome di proprietà straniera che sono state analizzate attraverso l’analisi dei ratio e di diverse grandezze contabili. Quindi, utilizzando una misura multidimensionale della distanza culturale (Hofstede, 1980, Hofstede and Bond, 1988, Hofstede and Minkov, 2010; Kogut and Singh 1988) e psichica (Dow e Karunaratna, 2006) si intende verificare la relazione che esiste tra la distanza culturale e le performance delle imprese target nei processi di acquisizione internazionale attraverso un’analisi di regressione. In altre parole si ipotizza che l’impatto benefico sulle performance delle imprese target aumenta quando la distanza culturale tra le parti coinvolte nell’operazione acquisitiva diminuisce.
The influence of the cultural distance on cross border acquisitions of the Italian mid-sized firms
Matarazzo M;
2015-01-01
Abstract
The paper aims at analyzing the influence of the cultural distance on the acquisitions from foreign investors of the Italian mid-sized firms in terms of economic performance of target firms. Two are the main topics of the research. The first, relative to cross border acquisitions, is quite voluminous, even if it is mainly focused on the acquirer perspective within the research stream on the foreign market entry mode choices. The studies assuming the perspective of the target firm have highlighted that the performance indicators used in the evaluation of acquisitive operations are overall employment growth, profitability and productivity of acquired firms (McGuckin e Nguyen, 2001; Conyon et al., 2002; Bernard e Sjolhom, 2003; Gugler e Yurtoglu, 2003; Oberhofer, 2013). The second on cultural distance is especially relevant in studies on firms’internationalization strategies. Among them numerous works have focused on cultural distance as explicative variable of the results of operation of cross-border acquisitions (Morosini, 1995; Morosini et al., 1998; Larsson e Risberg, 1997; Barbopoulos et al., 2011). Methodologically, the preliminary analysis was the identification within the MBRS database of the our data sample involving the Italian mid-sized firms acquired from a foreign investor between 1999 and 2009. Over the sample period, the MBRS database includes 152 completed acquisitions between a foreign acquirer and an Italian mid-sized target firm. The focus of the analysis in the paper is on the subsample of 84 surviving firms as autonomous companies with a foreign ownership that are evaluated through ratios analysis and other accounting measures in the post acquisition period, in order to understand if these measures improve or not. Using a multidimensional measure of cultural (Hofstede, 1980, Hofstede and Bond, 1988, Hofstede and Minkov, 2010; Kogut and Singh 1988) and psychic distance (Dow e Karunaratna, 2006) we want to test the relationship between the cultural distance and the target firm’s performance in cross border acquisitions through a regression analysis . In other words, we hypothesize that the beneficial impact on the target company’s performance is higher when the distance between the parts involved in the transaction is lower.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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